ESP32 Based Solar-to-Household Power Shifter using Weather Prediction

Abstract

The increasing demand for reliable and sustainable residential power systems necessitates intelligent energy management solutions. This paper presents the design and implementation of an ESP32-based solar-to-household power shifter integrated with weather-aware decision logic. The proposed system utilizes ambient temperature sensing as a short-term environmental indicator to estimate solar availability and dynamically switch between photovoltaic (PV) supply and battery backup. A relay-based switching module ensures seamless transition between power sources, while a 16×2 LCD and Bluetooth communication provide real-time monitoring and remote supervision. Experimental validation demonstrates improved solar utilization, reduced unnecessary battery discharge, stable switching performance, and uninterrupted power supply under varying environmental conditions. The system offers a low-cost, scalable, and IoT-enabled solution suitable for residential and small-scale renewable installations.