Blockchain-Based Property Transfer System Using Smart Contracts and IPFS

Abstract

Property registration and ownership transfer systems in many countries still rely on centralized databases and manual verification processes, which are vulnerable to fraud, data manipulation, and operational inefficiencies. This paper presents a blockchain-based property transfer system that provides a decentralized, transparent and tamper-proof platform for property registration, document verification and ownership transfer. The proposed system utilizes Ethereum smart contracts for secure transaction execution and InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) for decentralized document storage. A web-based application built using React and Spring Boot enables interaction between property owners, buyers and government authorities. Smart contracts enforce access control, verification rules and ownership transfer automatically. Experimental evaluation conducted on a prototype implementation demonstrates that the system ensures strong data integrity, reliable audit trails and efficient transaction processing. The proposed architecture improves transparency, reduces dependency on intermediaries and provides a trustworthy digital ecosystem for property management.